Pneumonia prevention in intubated patients given sucralfate versus proton-pump inhibitors and/or histamine II receptor blockers.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-2016
Institution/Department
Critical Care, Surgery
Journal Title
The Journal of surgical research
MeSH Headings
Adult, Aged, Anti-Ulcer Agents, Critical Care, Female, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Peptic Ulcer, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Sucralfate, Treatment Outcome
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU). The type of stress-ulcer prophylaxis (SUP) given to ventilated patients may, in part, be responsible. We observed an increase in VAP as ventilator bundle compliance increased and a decrease in VAP when bundle compliance decreased. We reasoned that SUP which raises gastric pH such as proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine II (H2) receptor antagonists as opposed to SUP which does not raise pH such as sucralfate (S) may be responsible and also may alter the causative bacteria.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a single-center retrospective cohort analysis of all intubated, adult surgical patients admitted to the surgical ICU between January and June during the 3-y period 2012-2014. Demographics, APACHE II, Injury Severity Score, VAP occurrence, culprit bacteria, ventilator days, and ICU days were recorded based on the type of SUP given.
RESULTS: There were 45 instances of VAP in the 504 study patients, 33 in the PPI/H2 group, and 12 in the S group (P < 0.01). VAP per 1000 ventilator days were 10.2 for PPI/H2 and 3.7 for S (P < 0.01). Culprit bacteria were mostly Pseudomonas, gram-negative bacilli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in PPI/H2 patients (n = 29) compared with oropharyngeal flora in S patients (n = 6; P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: There was a substantial difference in VAP occurrence and in the culprit bacteria between S and PPI/H2 treated patients due perhaps to gastric alkalization.
ISSN
1095-8673
First Page
398
Last Page
404
Recommended Citation
Grindlinger, Gene A; Cairo, Sarah B; and Duperre, Carole B, "Pneumonia prevention in intubated patients given sucralfate versus proton-pump inhibitors and/or histamine II receptor blockers." (2016). Maine Medical Center. 172.
https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/mmc/172
