Clinical implications of bone marrow adiposity.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-1-2018

Institution/Department

Maine Medical Center Reserach Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research

Journal Title

Journal of internal medicine

MeSH Headings

Adipocytes, Adiposity, Aging, Animals, Anorexia Nervosa, Bone Marrow, Growth, Humans, Menopause, Neoplasms, Obesity, Osteoporosis

Abstract

Marrow adipocytes, collectively termed marrow adipose tissue (MAT), reside in the bone marrow in close contact to bone cells and haematopoietic cells. Marrow adipocytes arise from the mesenchymal stem cell and share their origin with the osteoblast. Shifts in the lineage allocation of the mesenchymal stromal cell could potentially explain the association between increased MAT and increased fracture risk in diseases such as postmenopausal osteoporosis, anorexia nervosa and diabetes. Functionally, marrow adipocytes secrete adipokines, such as adiponectin, and cytokines, such as RANK ligand and stem cell factor. These mediators can influence both bone remodelling and haematopoiesis by promoting bone resorption and haematopoietic recovery following chemotherapy. In addition, marrow adipocytes can secrete free fatty acids, acting as a energy supply for bone and haematopoietic cells. However, this induced lipolysis is also used by neoplastic cells to promote survival and proliferation. Therefore, MAT could represent a new therapeutic target for multiple diseases from osteoporosis to leukaemia, although the exact characteristics and role of the marrow adipocyte in health and diseases remain to be determined.

ISSN

1365-2796

First Page

121

Last Page

139

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