Therapeutic Irradiation: Consequences for Bone and Bone Marrow Adipose Tissue.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

1-1-2019

Institution/Department

Center for Clinical and Translational Research; Maine Medical Center Research Institute

Journal Title

Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)

MeSH Headings

Bone Marrow, Bone and Bones, Adipose Tissue

Abstract

Radiotherapy continues to be one of the most accepted medical treatments for cancer. Localized irradiation is the most common treatment for prostate, pancreatic, rectal, cervical and endometrial malignancies. Conventional localized fractions are total doses of 30-62Gy at 1.8-2Gy per fraction, with administration of ~60Gy often used for tumor ablation. However, even the lowest dose of localized irradiation exposure can result in adverse complications to adjacent organs, tissues, and vessels, which absorb a portion of the treatment. Skeletal complications are common amongst cancer patients undergoing these localized treatments. Irradiation exposure causes deterioration to the overall quantity and quality of bone by interfering with the trabecular architecture through increased osteoclast activity and decreased osteoblast activity. Irradiation-induced bone damage parallels adipocyte infiltration of the bone marrow (BM) resulting in compositional alterations of the microenvironment that may further affect bone quality and disease state. There may also be direct effects of irradiation on the BM adipocyte/pre-adipocyte, although

ISSN

1664-2392

First Page

587

Last Page

587

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