Effects of remote ischemic preconditioning in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery (Remote IMPACT): a randomized controlled trial.

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2016

Institution/Department

Cardiology; Nephrology

Journal Title

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne

MeSH Headings

Acute Kidney Injury, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Biomarkers, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Coronary Artery Bypass, Creatine Kinase, MB Form, Creatinine, Female, Heart Valves, Humans, Ischemic Preconditioning, Male, Middle Aged, Myocardial Reperfusion Injury, Postoperative Complications, Reperfusion Injury, Single-Blind Method, Treatment Outcome

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Remote ischemic preconditioning is a simple therapy that may reduce cardiac and kidney injury. We undertook a randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effect of this therapy on markers of heart and kidney injury after cardiac surgery.

METHODS: Patients at high risk of death within 30 days after cardiac surgery were randomly assigned to undergo remote ischemic preconditioning or a sham procedure after induction of anesthesia. The preconditioning therapy was three 5-minute cycles of thigh ischemia, with 5 minutes of reperfusion between cycles. The sham procedure was identical except that ischemia was not induced. The primary outcome was peak creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB) within 24 hours after surgery (expressed as multiples of the upper limit of normal, with log transformation). The secondary outcome was change in creatinine level within 4 days after surgery (expressed as log-transformed micromoles per litre). Patient-important outcomes were assessed up to 6 months after randomization.

RESULTS: We randomly assigned 128 patients to remote ischemic preconditioning and 130 to the sham therapy. There were no significant differences in postoperative CK-MB (absolute mean difference 0.15, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.07 to 0.36) or creatinine (absolute mean difference 0.06, 95% CI -0.10 to 0.23). Other outcomes did not differ significantly for remote ischemic preconditioning relative to the sham therapy: for myocardial infarction, relative risk (RR) 1.35 (95% CI 0.85 to 2.17); for acute kidney injury, RR 1.10 (95% CI 0.68 to 1.78); for stroke, RR 1.02 (95% CI 0.34 to 3.07); and for death, RR 1.47 (95% CI 0.65 to 3.31).

INTERPRETATION: Remote ischemic precnditioning did not reduce myocardial or kidney injury during cardiac surgery. This type of therapy is unlikely to substantially improve patient-important outcomes in cardiac surgery.

TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov, no. NCT01071265.

ISSN

1488-2329

First Page

329

Last Page

336

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