Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019: Definition, Prevalence Pathophysiology, and Clinical Manifestations.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
6-2025
Institution/Department
Center for Molecular Medicine
Journal Title
Infectious disease clinics of North America
MeSH Headings
Humans, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome, Adult, Female, Male
Abstract
Long coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a multisystem disorder with variable manifestations and duration. One in 10 people with a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection will develop some manifestation of long COVID-19. Currently, there is no one single etiologic factor for the symptoms and signs of long COVID-19 beyond exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus. There are multiple theories about the pathophysiology ranging from viral persistence, reactivation, autoimmunity, and immune depletion. Certain risk factors have been identified including female sex, severe acute/hospitalized COVID-19, previous infections with SARS-CoV-2, and absence of vaccinations.
ISSN
1557-9824
First Page
345
Last Page
360
Recommended Citation
Emery, Ivette and Rosen, Clifford J., "Adult Long Coronavirus Disease 2019: Definition, Prevalence Pathophysiology, and Clinical Manifestations." (2025). MaineHealth Maine Medical Center. 4437.
https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/mmc/4437
