Pioglitazone and risk for bone fracture: safety data from a randomized clinical trial.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
3-1-2017
Institution/Department
Neurology
Journal Title
The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.
MeSH Headings
Accidental Falls, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Female, Fractures, Bone, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Insulin Resistance, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Male, Middle Aged, Pioglitazone, Proportional Hazards Models, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Stroke, Thiazolidinediones
Abstract
Context: Pioglitazone reduces cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic patients after an ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) but is associated with increased risk for bone fracture.
Objective: To characterize fractures associated with pioglitazone by location, mechanism, severity, timing, and sex.
Design, Setting, and Patients: Patients were 3876 nondiabetic participants in the Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial randomized to pioglitazone or placebo and followed for a median of 4.8 years. Fractures were identified through quarterly interviews.
Results: At 5 years, the increment in fracture risk between pioglitazone and placebo groups was 4.9% [13.6% vs 8.8%; hazard ratio (HR), 1.53; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24 to 1.89). In each group, ∼80% of fractures were low energy (i.e., resulted from fall) and 45% were serious (i.e., required surgery or hospitalization). For serious fractures most likely to be related to pioglitazone (low energy, nonpathological), the risk increment was 1.6% (4.7% vs 3.1%; HR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.03 to 2.09). Increased risk for any fracture was observed in men (9.4% vs 5.2%; HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.48) and women (14.9% vs 11.6%; HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.98 to 1.78; interaction P = 0.13).
Conclusions: Fractures affected 8.8% of placebo-treated patients within 5 years after an ischemic stroke or TIA. Pioglitazone increased the absolute fracture risk by 1.6% to 4.9% and the relative risk by 47% to 60%, depending on fracture classification. Our analysis suggests that treatments to improve bone health and prevent falls may help optimize the risk/benefit ratio for pioglitazone.
ISSN
1945-7197
First Page
914
Last Page
922
Recommended Citation
Viscoli, Catherine M; Inzucchi, Silvio E; Young, Lawrence H; Insogna, Karl L; Conwit, Robin; Furie, Karen L; Gorman, Mark; Kelly, Michael A; Lovejoy, Anne M; and Kernan, Walter N, "Pioglitazone and risk for bone fracture: safety data from a randomized clinical trial." (2017). MaineHealth Maine Medical Center. 648.
https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/mmc/648