Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update.
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
12-1-2014
Institution/Department
Emergency
Journal Title
Wilderness & environmental medicine
MeSH Headings
Frostbite, Humans, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Societies, Medical, Wilderness Medicine
Abstract
The Wilderness Medical Society convened an expert panel to develop a set of evidence-based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite. We present a review of pertinent pathophysiology. We then discuss primary and secondary prevention measures and therapeutic management. Recommendations are made regarding each treatment and its role in management. These recommendations are graded on the basis of the quality of supporting evidence and balance between the benefits and risks or burdens for each modality according to methodology stipulated by the American College of Chest Physicians. This is an updated version of the original guidelines published in Wilderness & Environmental Medicine 2011;22(2):156-166.
ISSN
1545-1534
First Page
43
Last Page
54
Recommended Citation
McIntosh, Scott E; Opacic, Matthew; Freer, Luanne; Grissom, Colin K; Auerbach, Paul S; Rodway, George W; Cochran, Amalia; Giesbrecht, Gordon G; McDevitt, Marion; Imray, Christopher H; Johnson, Eric L; Dow, Jennifer; and Hackett, Peter H, "Wilderness Medical Society practice guidelines for the prevention and treatment of frostbite: 2014 update." (2014). MaineHealth Maine Medical Center. 89.
https://knowledgeconnection.mainehealth.org/mmc/89